第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference．
A．offered
B．investigated
C．included
D．accepted
2．His shoes were shined to perfection．
A．cleared
B．washed
C．polished
D．mended
3．A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation．
A．suggested
B．tested
C．used
D．announced
4．The high—speed trains can have a major impact on our lives．
A．effort
B．problem
C．concern
D．influence
5．Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge．
A．short
B．hard
C．good
D．long
6．The book took ten years of thorough research．
A．basic
B．careful
C．social
D．major
7．The love of money is the root of all evil．
A．result
B．cause
C．end
D．force
8．The test produced disappointing results．
A．unsatisfactory
B．indirect
C．similar
D．positive
9．Eventually，she got a job and moved to London．
A．Finally
B．Certainly
C．Luckily
D．Naturally
10．Things have changed a lot since I was a child．
A．greatly
B．gradually
C．suddenly
D．frequently
11．Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer．
A．reported
B．hoped
C．answered
D．admitted
12．My doctor said I should vary my diet more．
A．prepare
B．cook
C．choose
D．change
13．She can be relied on in a crisis．
A．100ked after
B．depended on
C．believed in
D．turned on
14．They converted the spare bedroom into an office．
A．reduced
B．moved
C．turned
D．reformed
15．His long—term goal is to set up his own business。
A．idea
B．energy
C．order
D．aim
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the United States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. That's eleven days and nights without sleep.
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry (模糊). By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating (产生幻觉). For example, when he saw a street sign, he thought it was a person. He also imagined he was a famous football player. Over the next few days, Gardner's speech became so slurred (不清楚) that people couldn't understand him. He also had trouble remembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass a counting test. In the middle of the test he simply stopped. He couldn't remember what he was doing.
When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second day he slept for twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.
Even though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep can be dangerous. They say that people should not repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats started losing their fur(皮毛). And even though the rats ate more food than usual, they lost weight. Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why? What is the purpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don't know for sure. Some scientists think we sleep in order to replenish(补充)brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know that it is important to get enough sleep.
16. Randy Gardner studied the effects of over over-sleeping.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
17. During the experiment, Gardner slept for two hours every night.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
18. During the experiment, Gardner had trouble speaking clearly.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
19. It took four days for Gardner to recover from the effects of the experiment.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
20. Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
21. Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
22. People sleep less than they used to.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个选项。
The Meaning of dreams
1 Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.
2 I can see their laughing faces…laughing at me. But they aren't as smart. If they were, they'd be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative connotations(涵义). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex(自卑情结), which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.
3 I'm moving fast now, but it's still behind me. Doesn't matter how fast I go, I still can't escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力) like the first one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble(蹒跚) or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even more terrifying(恐怖的). One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life.
4 1'm sweating and my heart is beating. I'm trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming (强烈的) feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly (恐怖地) real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.
5 The wind is pushing me and I slip. There's nothing I can do . . . nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs，but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape，they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia (恐惧) of losing a job and a livelihood.
23. Paragraph 2_______
24. Paragraph 3________
25. Paragraph 4________
26. Paragraph 5_______
A Dream of climbing trees
B Dream of diving into the water
C Dream of running hard
D Dream of falling down
E Dream of being pushed away
F Dream of flying into the air
27. If a person puts himself up above others in the dream, he may____.
28. If a person dreams of being chased by others, he may ____.
29. If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff, he may ____.
30. If a person dreams of failing to do something in public, he may _ ___.
A be afraid of losing his job in real life
B feel inferior in reality
C feel lonely in everyday life
D feel tired in real life
E be under pressure in everyday life
F be afraid of losing control in real life
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个答案。
第一篇 Attitudes to AIDS now
Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don't know there's no cure and strongly disagree that "the AIDS epidemic is over." a new survey finds.
The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who have worried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and declines in deaths.
"While people are very optimistic about the advances. they're still realistic about the fact that there is no cure", says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation.
The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll, does find that the number of people ranking AIDS as the country's top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser poll, 38% say it's the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll; in the Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS is No.1, down from 41% in 1992 and 67% in 1987.
Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1,200 adults in September and 0ctober and asked additional questions of another 1.000 adults in November：
52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995.
51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.
86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say that the drugs are not cures.
67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year; 24% know deaths fell.
Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says, "I'm encouraged that the American people are getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn't over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington are getting the same message… We have seen signs of complacency (得意).''
31 Most people in the USA believe that
A AIDS is no longer an epidemic.
B AIDS is killing more people than before-.
C there is still no cure for AIDS.
D advances have been made in treating AIDS
32 Before the findings released by the Kaiser Family Foundation，activists worried that
A the government is too optimistic about the cure of AIDS.
B the Americans might not concern about AIDS any more.
C the deaths caused by AIDS may increase.
D scientists may not find cures for AIDS.
33 The results of the Kaiser survey and those of Gallup PolI are
A similar.
B different.
C both wrong.
D both unrealistic.
34 More than 50% people in the Kaiser poll agree that
A advances in AIDS treatment are too slow.
B AIDS is their top concern.
C the country spends too little on AIDS.
D AIDS deaths fell sharply.
35 The word "message" in the last paragraph means
A point.
B news.
C report.
D result.
第二篇 Sprained (扭伤) Ankle
One of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments(韧带) of a joint are twisted(扭伤) and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells(肿胀) and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:
■ Elevate(抬高)
■ Cool
■ Bandage（打绷带）
As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding(流血) to minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour, and then reapply. This can be several times a day for a total of three days.
Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers(引起) more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the angle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.
36. A sprain is caused by
A blood vessels being hurt in the foot
B ligament fibers of a joint being twisted
C constantly changing body temperature
D elevating one's ankle
37. The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to
A pressing one's ankle
B a tight bandage
C applying a cold pack
D bleeding under the skin
38. The word "it" in paragraph 2(line5) refers to
A injury
B pressure
C swelling
D ankle
39. Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done?
A Begin bandaging the ankle
B Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes
C Keep the ankle in a position lower than your heart
D wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes
40. The main idea of the passage is to explain
A how to treat a sprained ankle
B how a sprain occurs
C how to bandage an injured foot
D how to reduce the temperature of a wounded area.
第三篇 How to Be a Successful Businessperson
Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants.
Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.
At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a company that rented cars.
While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (祖赁的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."
One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.
A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. t0 10 p.m., seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. lf someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.
A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again,'he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.
Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up."
41 When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to
A sellcars.
B own a restaurant.
C be an airplane pilot.
D become a good cook.
42 Mr. Kazi decided to work with KFC to
A learn how to cook.
B save money for a car.
C save money on food.
D learn how to run a restaurant.
43 Mr. Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant because
A his co-workers praised him.
B he was a good cook.
C he knew how to run a restaurant.
D he worked very hard.
44 To save a failing restaurant, Mr. Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT to
A advertize for it.
B clean it up
C improve the food.
D retrain the employees.
45 In the last paragraph, "it's a mess" means
A it's small.
B it's dirty.
C it's profitable.
D it's cheap.
第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白；短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Some Unusual Celebrations
Some holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New. Year's Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honor of love and friendship, like Valentine's Day. Each country has its own special holidays, too, often to mark important events In its history. Schools, banks, and government offices all close on days like these. _ (46) A few of them are really very strange.
Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool's Day, for example, No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries-France, England, and Australia, among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. _ (47) The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?
Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part：They do it to girls they like. Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. (48) For two hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.
August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an lrish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. (49)
There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February9. (50)
Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? lf you do, then you will want to mark March 26 0n your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.
A. Some people have fun imagining new holidays.
B. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.
C. Then begins the world's biggest food fight.
D. They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king for three days.
E. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.
F. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.
第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个选项。
Influenza(流感)
Influenza has been with us a long time. According to some Greek writers 51 medical history, the outbreak of 412 B.C. was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness 52 swept through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395 B.C. Influenza is a disease that moves most quickly among people living in 53 conditions, hence, it is likely to attack armies.
54 the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza. The last of the five 55 in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time. 56 the recent outbreak, it started in Asia.
For more than forty years before that outbreak, influenza had steadily __57__ and was believed to be dying out. A new group of outbreaks was 58 by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century influenza remains a constant threat.
In April 918 flu broke among American troops stationed in France. It quickly spread through all the 59 but caused relatively few deaths. Four months later, however, a second outbreak started which _60___ to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults. It 61 through every country in the world, only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining __62__. It brought the life of whole countries to stop, food 63 stopped and work loss was very great. Before the great outbreak ended, it had killed 64 15 million people. Thereafter, there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world. It is thus __65__that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
51、A by B on C to D with
52、A where B that C why D who
53、A local B good C crowded D rich
54、A Since B During C Among D For
55、A changed B happened C stopped D suffered
56、A Like B As C Along D Before
57、A increased B interrupted C decreased D kept
58、A introduced B controlled C prevented D reported
59、A armies B villagers C farmers D enemies
60、A ceased B wanted C proved D failed
61、A got B put C went D looked
62、A uncounted B unused C untouched D unchanged
63、A sources B shortages C purchases D supplies
64、A last B most C all D least
65、A clear B strange C impossible D wise
2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案卫生类（A级）
第1部分：词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．B【解析】题意：在会上，我们研究了扩建的可能性。
划线词的词义是“调查，研究”。
A项offer意为提供。例句：If she was offered the job，she’d take it．如果给她这个工作，她会接受的。
B项investigate意为调查，研究。例句：The police are investigating the murder．警察正在调查这桩谋杀案。
C项include意为包括。例句：The bill came to$467，tax included．账单计467美元，含税。
D项accept意为接受。例句：I accepted it cheerily．我高兴地接受了。
很明显B项正确。
2．C【解析】题意：他的鞋擦得很亮。
划线词shine(vt．)的词义是“使发光，使发亮；擦亮(皮鞋等)”。
A项clear意为澄清；扫除。例句：Each human is born with a bag of karma to be cleared in this life．每个人生来均带有一系列要在此生清除的业力。
B项wash意为洗。例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag?我可以把洗过的农产品放进口袋吗?
C项polish意为擦亮；抛光。例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor．孩子们喜欢在刚擦亮的地板上滑过来滑过去。
D项mend意为修补 。例句：We need an electrician to mend the iron．我们要请电工修理一下熨斗。很明显C项正确。
3．A【解析】题意：已提出很多理论来解释这种现象。
划线词的词义是“建议”。
A项suggest意为建议。例句：Do you suggest I am a tour guide?你是不是建议我当导游?
B项test意为检验。例句：Is this equipment tested for mechanical aptitude?这台设备测定了其机械适应性了吗?
C项use意为使用。例句：The car used a gallon of petrol for the journey．汽车在路上消耗了一加仑汽油。
D项announce意为宣布。例句：Mr．Robert Brown was announced as the sponsor．罗勃特．布朗先生被宣布为赞助人。
很明显A项正确。
4．D【解析】题意：高速列车可能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
划线词的词义是“影响”。
A项effort意为努力。例句：They are making every effort to decrease the production cost．他们正尽力减少生产成本。
B项problem意为问题。例句：We had no time to deliberate on the problem．我们没有时间仔细思考这个问题。
C项concern意为关心，挂念。例句：Hardly a whisper of concern has been voiced．没有人表示过一点点的关心。
D项influence意为影响。例句：What exactly is the influence of television on children?电视对儿童究竟有什么影响?
很明显D项正确。
5．A【解析】题意：格林在剑桥度过了短暂的时光。
划线词brief(a．)的词义是“短暂的”。
A项short意为短暂的。例句：Why do you just rest the short time?为什么你只休息了这么短时间?
B项hard意为苦难的。例句：I know this is tOO hard for you．我知道这对你来说太难了。
C项good意为好的。例句：He is a good man．他是一个好人。
D项long意为长的。例句：She spent a long time with her parents．她跟她的父母待了很长的时间。
很明显A项正确。
6．B【解析】题意：详尽地研究该书耗费了十年时间。
划线词thorough(a．；adj．)的词义是“彻底的，详尽的”。
A项basic意为基础的，根本的。例句：Let me enlarge on this basic theme．让我进一步阐述一下这个基本主题。
B项careful意为精心的，谨慎的。例句：He emphasized the importance of careful driving．他强调小心驾驶的重要性。
C项social意为社会的，社交的。例句：Team sports help to develop a child’s social skills．集体体育运动有助于培养孩子的交际能力。
D项major意为较大的，主要的。例句：This is the major part of the whole thing．这是整件事情的主要部分。
很明显B项正确。
7．B【解析】题意：贪财是一切罪恶之根源。
划线词的词义是“根；根源，原因”。
A项result意为结果。例句：We desperately need a result from this match．这场比赛我们务必获胜。
B项cause意为起因。例句：It’s certain that every effect must have a cause．无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。
C项end意为结束。例句：The accident put an untimely end to the party．意外事故使聚会匆匆结束了。
D项force意为力量。例句：But they refused to bow to force．但他们拒不向武力低头。
很明显B项正确。
8．A【解析】题意：这项试验产生了令人失望的结果。
划线词disappointing的词义是“使人失望的，令人扫兴的”。
A项unsatisfactory意为不能令人满意的。例句：His answer is unsatisfactory．他的答案不能令人满意。
B项indirect意为间接的。例句：His indirect way of telling me to leave annoyed me．他那种不直截了当让我离开的方式激怒了我。
C项similar意为类似的。例句：He talked about it in a similar way．他对此事有相似的说法。
D项positive意为积极的；肯定的。例句：She shows a very positive attitude tO her work．她工作态度非常积极。
很明显A项正确。
9．A【解析】题意：最后她找到了一份工作并搬到了伦敦。
划线词的词义是“最后，终于”。
A项finally意为最后，最终。例句：The patient finally died of cancer．该病人最终死于癌症。
B项certainly意为的确，无疑。例句：She certainly bears you no malice．她对你的确并无恶意。
C项luckily意为幸运地。例句：Luckily there was a doctor on the spot．幸运的是现场有一位医生。
D项naturally意为自然地。例句：A mother naturally feels protective towards her children．母亲对自己的孩子自然会悉心保护。
很明显A项正确。
10．A【解析】题意：自我幼年时代以来一切事物都发生了很大变化。
划线部分a lot的词义是“许多，大量”。
A项greatly意为大大地。例句：His writing has improved greatly in this semester．这开云kaiyun(中国)期他的写作有了很大进步。
B项gradually意为逐渐地。例句：The rain lessened gradually and gave over at last．雨渐渐小下来，后来终于停止了。
C项suddenly意为突然地。例句：Suddenly he began to shriek loudly．突然他开始大声尖叫起来。
D项frequently意为频繁地。例句：He comes to visit me frequently．他经常来看我。
很明显A项正确。
11．D【解析】题意：玛莎承认她对电脑一无所知。
划线词的词义是“承认”。
A项report意为报告。例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．这次事故据说有20人死亡。
B项hope意为希望。例句：Things are not moving as fast as we hoped．事情的进展不像我们希望的那么快。
C项answer意为回答。例句：The question is simple enough to answer．这个问题很简单，容易回答。
D项admit意为承认。例句：Of course，part of the challenge is her admitting difficulty with acting in English．当然，一部分挑战是她自己承认的用英语表演的困难。
很明显D项正确。
12．D【解析】题意：我的医生说我应该饮食多样化。
划线词vary的词义是“改变，使多样化”。
A项prepare意为准备。例句：Liming prepared everything for his examination．李明为考试做了一切准备。
B项cook意为烹调。例句：Are you good at cooking?你擅长烹饪吗?
C项choose意为挑选。例句：Please choose a red one for me．请为我挑选一个红色的。
D项change意为改变。例句：Do you change your mind?你改变你的想法了吗?
很明显D项正确。
13．B【解析】题意：在危急关头可以依赖于她。
划线词rely on的词义是“依靠，依赖”。
A项look after意为照看。例句：Are you being well looked after?大家对你照顾得好吗?
B项depend on意为依赖，信任。例句：More importantly，can he be depended on?更重要的是，可以依靠他吗?
C项believe in意为相信。例句：We all believed in her prediction．我们都相信她的预言。
D项turn on意为打开。例句：We troubled him to turn on the light．我们麻烦他打开电灯。
很明显B项正确。
14．C【解析】题意：他们把空闲的卧室改成了一间办公室。
划线词convert(vt．)的词义是“转换，改造”。
A项reduce意为减少。例句：They are selling the goods under the counter at reduced prices．他们正在削价偷偷出售商品。
B项move意为移动。例句：The army is on the move．部队在行军。
C项turn意为改变，使改成。例句：Nothing will ever turn him from his purpose．什么也不能使他改变目标。
D项reform意为改革。例句：Because of his encouragement，she won the best designer by her re—formed cheongsam．因为他的鼓励，她以她的改良式旗袍赢得了设计师奖。
很明显C项正确。
15．D【解析】题意：他的长期目标是建立自己的公司(业务)。
划线词goal的词义是“目标”。
A项idea意为想法。例句：It would be a good idea to go swimming in the pond．到池塘里去游泳倒是个好主意。
B项energy意为能量。例句：Young people usually have more energy than the old．青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。
C项order意为命令。例句：The appeal court quash the care order made by the juvenile court．上诉法院宣布少年法院发出的照看命令无效。
D项aim意为目标。例句：The chief aim of man is not to get money．人的主要目的并不是赚钱。
很明显D项正确。第2 部分：阅读判断
16 、B 短文第一、二句已明确回答这个问题，病人需要stop的是 lying around，而不是 moving around。
17 、C 短文自始至终都没有提到引起头痛的原因是什么。
18 、A 第二段中间说到，缺乏运动就难以减少疼痛部位的压力，所以需要运动。
19 、B 第二段最后一句说，研究者们目前正在寻找能够使身体中维持理想水平的内啡肽药物，因此它不可能是现在医生经常开给病人的药。
20 、A 第三段第二句说到，因为找出背痛的原因很困难，所以背痛病人最终只能服用更大剂量或几种不同的药物。
21 、A 最后一段列举了许多让病人进行身体活动的方法，并在最后一句指出，这样治疗的病人要比传统治疗恢复得更快。
22 、B 第四段说到，他们只是在要求病人进行身体活动的基础上尽量减少服药，或者避免服药，而没有要求病人完全停止服药。
第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子
23 、D 短文第三句就点出了本段的主题，并且对于我们为什么需要睡觉做出回答。
24 、E 本段的主题就在第二句，并且指出，究竟是当猫头鹰还是当云雀主要与生活方式、年龄和个性有关。
25 、C 本段首先对比了猫头鹰式和云雀式两种不同的生活方式，但孰优孰劣并不作比较，只 是提出“根据自己的T作、娱乐过着充实的生活井有充足的睡眠让你精力充沛才是关键"。
26 、A 最后一段列举了一些需要注意的事物：午睡可视个人具体情况而定，避免摄人具有刺激性的物品如饮酒、抽烟、喝咖啡等。
27 、F 第一段第三句就说到“睡眠是为了让我们的大脑能够整理白天所记忆的东西”。
28 、D 第二段第三句说到，带着小孩的父母就容易成为早起者。
29 、A 第三段最后一句的大意正是“过着健康的生活，让充足的睡眠为你带来充沛的精力”。
30 、B 短文最后一句就说到，“对大多数人来说，我们的忠告就是不要在晚上喝咖啡”。
第4 部分：阅读理解
31 、C 本题的答题依据是文章开头的这句话：Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. 人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我们就忘了如 何取得想象力 （access it）。文章的目的就是教给成年人几种获得想象力的技巧，所以说成年人还是可以开云kaiyun(中国)会怎么样更加富有创意的。
32 、B 从第二段的这两句话 First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. 可以找到答案。蜡 烛只是一个例子。
33 、A 第三段的第一句话 Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/ money, etc. as you want. 是本题的答题依据。
34 、B put yourself in their shoes 是英语的一个成语，相当于汉语的“设身处地”。
35 、C 第三种技巧就是Look at the situation from a different point of view. 作者举了谈判者和小说家为例。推销员如要成用这一技巧就应该把自己置于顾客的位置上，问一问他们的需要是什么。
36 、B 第一段第三句说到，“免疫系统的这些细胞来回传递信息就像蜂群围绕峰巢飞跑一样”。
37 、D 第二段中间说，“免疫细胞与身体其他细胞在自我耐受的状态下和平共处”。
38 、A 第二段的中后部说到，“抗原以其自身从表面突出来的复杂而有特色的形状表明自己是一种异体物”，免疫细胞自然很容易识别它们。
39 、B 第三段第一句说，“任何能够激起免疫反应的物质就称为抗原”。其他三个选项不是与短文所说不符就是短文没有提到。
40 、A 文章的题目是“免疫功能”。第二段第一句可以概括短文的中心思想，选项 A 正是该句的意思。
41 、A 从第一段的前半部我们就可以知道，全球之所以重视这个问题就是因为有可能面对 它束手无策——对它无药可治。
42 、D prudent 意为“谨慎的”，careful 意为 “小心的”，“小心”与“谨慎”自然是同一概念。
43 、A 本题答案存在于第二段第一句，该句正是选项 A 的内容。
44 、A 选项 B、C、D 的内容在第五段中都提及，只有选项 A 的内容(“不许医院储存超过医院使用量的抗生素”)文章中并未提到。
45 、B 通读全篇短文以后我们知道，目前人类还没有找到解决这个问题的办法，所以还需继续研究。其他三个选项短文均未提到。
第5 部分：补全短文
46 、D 这里填入的内容：The term comes from the activity of the ice age. 是对上一句中出现 的 drowned coastline 这一名称由来的解释。
47 、B 前面一句话：The highest parts of the former mountain range，nearest the shore, remained as islands. 说了先前最靠海岸的山脉的顶部变成了岛屿，下面一句很自然就说：Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier.
48 、F 前面一句话是：Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. 下面一句便解释它是怎么形成两个岛屿的：It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow Stretch of water, seven miles long.
49 、A 前面一句介绍了 Mt. Desert Island 所处的地理位置和它为动植物提供的生存条件，下面一句再解释它还是一条鸟类移居的主要通道和许多鸟类的栖身之地。
50 、E This mountain回指前面的 Cadillac Mountain. 句子对它的高度做了描述。
第6 部分：完形填空
51 、B 四个选项中只有选择 B 项意思才能说得通。
52 、D 四个选项中只有 D 项从语法上和意思上适合填在这里。B 项、C 项虽有“保持”的意思，但都是及物动词，A 项虽可当不及物动词使用，但意思不对。
53 、B 前面提到南欧和东欧，而后面的希腊、波兰和乌克兰就属于南欧和东欧，显然这里是要强调这三个国家。如果选择 C 项则似乎只、涉及这三个国家，从上下文分析并不是这种情况。
54 、B 答题时要注意与此空白处并列的另一个表语 widespread，它提示了答题者必须选择active。
55 、B 从语法上分析，这里应是一个插入语；从上下文意思分析，应该是带有转折的意思，however 正可以完成这个功能。
56 、D 从语法上分析，这里又是一个插入语，应该是起着补充作用的意思，因此选择 D 项 最恰当，其他选项都不符合上下文的意思。
57 、C 首先要注意介词后面的宾话是 coast，它提示了选择 along 比较恰当。
58 、A 从上下文意思看，只能选择suggest 才恰当，因为这里的 suggest 并不是“提议、建 议”的意思，而是“暗示、表明”的意思，其他三个选项都没有这个词义。
59 、D 本空白处的前后是 “已经渡过了传染的……期”，显然应该选择peak 才恰当，其他选项在这里都说不通。
60 、A 由于空白处后面有 to baseline levels，而 baseline levels 肯定是原来就存在的，所以选择 returned 最恰当。
61 、A 答题时要注意 but 这个词的提示作用，前面说 remains active，那 but 后面的意思一定与之相反，故应该选择 declining。
62 、C 空白处后面的 one month ago 提示了选择 over 比较恰当，这里的 over 是 “more than”的意思，整个短语作时间状语，意为“一个多月前”。
63 、D 2009 年的流感传播几乎是全球性的，北美也不例外，因此，从上下文看还是 remains恰当。如果选择 becomes，似乎原来就不是 widespread，不合适。
64 、D 显然，四个选项中只有 activity 可以填在这里，其他三个选项都无法与前后的词搭配。
65 、A 空白处前面说，大部分地区已经下降或维持不变，那么后面少数国家的增加一定是 例外，因此选择 except 与 for 搭配，正好表示“除了……外”的意思。
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference．
A．offered
B．investigated
C．included
D．accepted
2．His shoes were shined to perfection．
A．cleared
B．washed
C．polished
D．mended
3．A number of theories have been proposed to explain the situation．
A．suggested
B．tested
C．used
D．announced
4．The high—speed trains can have a major impact on our lives．
A．effort
B．problem
C．concern
D．influence
5．Greene spent a brief time at Cambridge．
A．short
B．hard
C．good
D．long
6．The book took ten years of thorough research．
A．basic
B．careful
C．social
D．major
7．The love of money is the root of all evil．
A．result
B．cause
C．end
D．force
8．The test produced disappointing results．
A．unsatisfactory
B．indirect
C．similar
D．positive
9．Eventually，she got a job and moved to London．
A．Finally
B．Certainly
C．Luckily
D．Naturally
10．Things have changed a lot since I was a child．
A．greatly
B．gradually
C．suddenly
D．frequently
11．Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer．
A．reported
B．hoped
C．answered
D．admitted
12．My doctor said I should vary my diet more．
A．prepare
B．cook
C．choose
D．change
13．She can be relied on in a crisis．
A．100ked after
B．depended on
C．believed in
D．turned on
14．They converted the spare bedroom into an office．
A．reduced
B．moved
C．turned
D．reformed
15．His long—term goal is to set up his own business。
A．idea
B．energy
C．order
D．aim
第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
Are You Getting Enough Sleep?
What happens if you don't get enough sleep? Randy Gardner, a high school student in the United States, wanted to find out. He designed an experiment on the effects of sleeplessness for a school science project. With doctors watching him carefully, Gardner stayed awake for 264 hours and 12 minutes. That's eleven days and nights without sleep.
What effect did sleeplessness have on Gardner? After 24 hours without sleep, Gardner started having trouble reading and watching television. The words and pictures were too blurry (模糊). By the third day, he was having trouble doing things with his hands. By the fourth day, Gardner was hallucinating (产生幻觉). For example, when he saw a street sign, he thought it was a person. He also imagined he was a famous football player. Over the next few days, Gardner's speech became so slurred (不清楚) that people couldn't understand him. He also had trouble remembering things. By the eleventh day, Gardner couldn't pass a counting test. In the middle of the test he simply stopped. He couldn't remember what he was doing.
When Gardner finally went to bed, he slept for 14 hours and 45 minutes. The second day he slept for twelve hours, the third night he slept for ten and one-half hours, and by the fourth night, he had returned to his normal sleep schedule.
Even though Gardner recovered quickly, scientists believe that going without sleep can be dangerous. They say that people should not repeat Randy's experiment. Tests on white rats have shown how serious sleeplessness can be. After a few weeks without sleep, the rats started losing their fur(皮毛). And even though the rats ate more food than usual, they lost weight. Eventually the rats died.
During your lifetime, you will probably spend 25 years or more sleeping. But why? What is the purpose of sleep? Surprisingly, scientists don't know for sure. Some scientists think we sleep in order to replenish(补充)brain cells. Other scientists think that sleep helps the body to grow and to relieve stress. Whatever the reason, we know that it is important to get enough sleep.
16. Randy Gardner studied the effects of over over-sleeping.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
17. During the experiment, Gardner slept for two hours every night.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
18. During the experiment, Gardner had trouble speaking clearly.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
19. It took four days for Gardner to recover from the effects of the experiment.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
20. Going without sleep is not dangerous for white rats.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
21. Scientists are not sure why we need sleep.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
22. People sleep less than they used to.
A Right B Wrong C Not Mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个选项。
The Meaning of dreams
1 Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly interpreted, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.
2 I can see their laughing faces…laughing at me. But they aren't as smart. If they were, they'd be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative connotations(涵义). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex(自卑情结), which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.
3 I'm moving fast now, but it's still behind me. Doesn't matter how fast I go, I still can't escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力) like the first one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is the dominant emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble(蹒跚) or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes the fear even more terrifying(恐怖的). One possible interpretation suggests that the person is under pressure in their everyday life.
4 1'm sweating and my heart is beating. I'm trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming (强烈的) feeling changes from anxiety to a loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly (恐怖地) real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.
5 The wind is pushing me and I slip. There's nothing I can do . . . nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreamer loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs，but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape，they become more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia (恐惧) of losing a job and a livelihood.
23. Paragraph 2_______
24. Paragraph 3________
25. Paragraph 4________
26. Paragraph 5_______
A Dream of climbing trees
B Dream of diving into the water
C Dream of running hard
D Dream of falling down
E Dream of being pushed away
F Dream of flying into the air
27. If a person puts himself up above others in the dream, he may____.
28. If a person dreams of being chased by others, he may ____.
29. If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff, he may ____.
30. If a person dreams of failing to do something in public, he may _ ___.
A be afraid of losing his job in real life
B feel inferior in reality
C feel lonely in everyday life
D feel tired in real life
E be under pressure in everyday life
F be afraid of losing control in real life
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个答案。
第一篇 Attitudes to AIDS now
Most people say that the USA is making progress in fighting AIDS, but they don't know there's no cure and strongly disagree that "the AIDS epidemic is over." a new survey finds.
The findings, released Thursday by the Kaiser Family Foundation, reassure activists who have worried that public concern about AIDS might disappear in light of recent news about advances in treatment and declines in deaths.
"While people are very optimistic about the advances. they're still realistic about the fact that there is no cure", says Sophia Chang, director of HIV programs at the foundation.
The Kaiser survey, like a recent USA TODAY Gallup Poll, does find that the number of people ranking AIDS as the country's top health problem has fallen. In the Kaiser poll, 38% say it's the top concern, down from 44% in a 1996 poll; in the Gallup Poll, 29% say AIDS is No.1, down from 41% in 1992 and 67% in 1987.
Other findings from Kaiser, which polled more than 1,200 adults in September and 0ctober and asked additional questions of another 1.000 adults in November：
52% say the country is making progress against AIDS, up from 32% in 1995.
51% say the government spends too little on AIDS.
86% correctly say AIDS drugs can now lengthen lives; an equal number correctly say that the drugs are not cures.
67% incorrectly say that AIDS deaths increased or stayed the same in the past year; 24% know deaths fell.
Daniel Zingale, director of AIDS Action Council, says, "I'm encouraged that the American people are getting the message that the AIDS epidemic isn't over. I hope the decision-makers in Washington are getting the same message… We have seen signs of complacency (得意).''
31 Most people in the USA believe that
A AIDS is no longer an epidemic.
B AIDS is killing more people than before-.
C there is still no cure for AIDS.
D advances have been made in treating AIDS
32 Before the findings released by the Kaiser Family Foundation，activists worried that
A the government is too optimistic about the cure of AIDS.
B the Americans might not concern about AIDS any more.
C the deaths caused by AIDS may increase.
D scientists may not find cures for AIDS.
33 The results of the Kaiser survey and those of Gallup PolI are
A similar.
B different.
C both wrong.
D both unrealistic.
34 More than 50% people in the Kaiser poll agree that
A advances in AIDS treatment are too slow.
B AIDS is their top concern.
C the country spends too little on AIDS.
D AIDS deaths fell sharply.
35 The word "message" in the last paragraph means
A point.
B news.
C report.
D result.
第二篇 Sprained (扭伤) Ankle
One of the most common injuries teenagers and adults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprain occurs when the ligaments(韧带) of a joint are twisted(扭伤) and possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of fibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. A sprain can occur from a sudden twisting at the joint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of the ligaments. The injured area usually swells(肿胀) and becomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalk at the wrong angle or having one foot land in a hole while walking or running can leave you rolling on the ground in pain with an ankle on fire! If you cannot walk without experiencing intense pain, you must seek medical help. If the pain is manageable, and you can walk, here are three words to help you remember how to treat yourself:
■ Elevate(抬高)
■ Cool
■ Bandage（打绷带）
As soon as there is injury to that ligament, there will be a certain amount of bleeding under the skin. Once the blood pools around the damaged blood vessels, swelling occurs. The pressure from the swelling results in additional stress and tenderness to the region. In order to reduce the degree of swelling, lie down as soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated so that it is actually higher than your heart. Next, to reduce blood distribution and keep bleeding(流血) to minimum, apply a cold pack. After 20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour, and then reapply. This can be several times a day for a total of three days.
Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20 minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature in that area for an extended period of time signals the body to increase blood flow to raise the body temperature! Therefore, one accidentally triggers(引起) more blood distribution to the affected area by leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally, bandage the angle. Be careful not to wind it too tightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and cause harm to the entire foot.
36. A sprain is caused by
A blood vessels being hurt in the foot
B ligament fibers of a joint being twisted
C constantly changing body temperature
D elevating one's ankle
37. The black-and-blue symptom of a sprain is due to
A pressing one's ankle
B a tight bandage
C applying a cold pack
D bleeding under the skin
38. The word "it" in paragraph 2(line5) refers to
A injury
B pressure
C swelling
D ankle
39. Once the initial cold pack is removed, what is to be done?
A Begin bandaging the ankle
B Wait 30 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 20 minutes
C Keep the ankle in a position lower than your heart
D wait 20 minutes and then reapply the ice pack for 30 minutes
40. The main idea of the passage is to explain
A how to treat a sprained ankle
B how a sprain occurs
C how to bandage an injured foot
D how to reduce the temperature of a wounded area.
第三篇 How to Be a Successful Businessperson
Have you ever wondered why some people are successful in business and others are not? Here's a story about one successful businessperson. He started out washing dishes and today he owns 168 restaurants.
Zubair Kazi was born in Bhatkal, a small town in southwest India. His dream was to be an airplane pilot, and when he was 16 years old, he learned to fly a small plane.
At the age of 23 and with just a little money in his pocket, Mr. Kazi moved to the United States. He hoped to get a job in the airplane industry in California. Instead, he ended up working for a company that rented cars.
While Mr. Kazi was working at the car rental (祖赁的) company, he frequently ate at a nearby KFC restaurant. To save money on food, he decided to get a job with KFC. For two months, he worked as a cook's assistant. His job was to clean the kitchen and help the cook. "I didn't like it," Mr. Kazi says, "but I always did the best I could."
One day, Mr. Kazi's two co-workers failed to come to work. That day, Mr. Kazi did the work of all three people in the kitchen. This really impressed the owners of the restaurant. A few months later, the owners needed a manager for a new restaurant. They gave the job to Mr. Kazi. He worked hard as the manager and soon the restaurant was making a profit.
A few years later, Mr. Kazi heard about a restaurant that was losing money. The restaurant was dirty inside and the food was terrible. Mr. Kazi borrowed money from a bank and bought the restaurant. For the first six months, Mr. Kazi worked in the restaurant from 8 a.m. t0 10 p.m., seven days a week. He and his wife cleaned up the restaurant, remodeled the front of the building, and improved the cooking. They also tried hard to please the customers. lf someone had to wait more than ten minutes for their food, Mrs. Kazi gave them a free soda. Before long the restaurant was making a profit.
A year later, Mr. Kazi sold his restaurant for a profit. With the money he earned, he bought three more restaurants that were losing money. Again,'he cleaned them up, improved the food, and retrained the employees. Before long these restaurants were making a profit, too.
Today Mr. Kazi owns 168 restaurants, but he isn't planning to stop there. He's looking for more poorly managed restaurants to buy. "I love it when I go to buy a restaurant and find it's a mess," Mr. Kazi says. "The only way it can go is up."
41 When Mr. Kazi was young, his dream was to
A sellcars.
B own a restaurant.
C be an airplane pilot.
D become a good cook.
42 Mr. Kazi decided to work with KFC to
A learn how to cook.
B save money for a car.
C save money on food.
D learn how to run a restaurant.
43 Mr. Kazi became the manager of a new restaurant because
A his co-workers praised him.
B he was a good cook.
C he knew how to run a restaurant.
D he worked very hard.
44 To save a failing restaurant, Mr. Kazi did all the following things, EXCEPT to
A advertize for it.
B clean it up
C improve the food.
D retrain the employees.
45 In the last paragraph, "it's a mess" means
A it's small.
B it's dirty.
C it's profitable.
D it's cheap.
第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白；短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Some Unusual Celebrations
Some holidays are well-known all around the world. Among them are New. Year's Eve celebrations. Also common are days in honor of love and friendship, like Valentine's Day. Each country has its own special holidays, too, often to mark important events In its history. Schools, banks, and government offices all close on days like these. _ (46) A few of them are really very strange.
Of course, they are not strange to the people who celebrate them. Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions. Consider April Fool's Day, for example, No one knows when or why it began. Today it is celebrated in many countries-France, England, and Australia, among others. On this day, people play practical jokes. _ (47) The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes. The people they fool often get angry. Does celebrating this day make sense to you?
Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange, too. On this day, it is traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls. Here is the strangest part：They do it to girls they like. Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town. A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated in Bunol, Spain. Every year, in late August, big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. (48) For two hours, people in the streets throw tomatoes at each other. Everyone ends up red from head to toe.
August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair, an lrish festival with a very unusual tradition. People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. (49)
There are also some celebrations that are really strange. In the United States, sometimes one person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to accept it. Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28. It may seem strange, but it sounds like more fun than the one on February9. (50)
Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? lf you do, then you will want to mark March 26 0n your calendar. That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.
A. Some people have fun imagining new holidays.
B. That is supposed to be Toothache Day.
C. Then begins the world's biggest food fight.
D. They bring him back to town, put a crown on his head, and make him king for three days.
E. Jokes are supposed to be funny, but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.
F. Some of the days people celebrate, however, are less serious.
第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个选项。
Influenza(流感)
Influenza has been with us a long time. According to some Greek writers 51 medical history, the outbreak of 412 B.C. was of influenza. The same has been suggested of the sickness 52 swept through the Greek army attacking Syracuse in 395 B.C. Influenza is a disease that moves most quickly among people living in 53 conditions, hence, it is likely to attack armies.
54 the nineteenth century there were five widespread outbreaks of influenza. The last of the five 55 in 1889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time. 56 the recent outbreak, it started in Asia.
For more than forty years before that outbreak, influenza had steadily __57__ and was believed to be dying out. A new group of outbreaks was 58 by the great outbreak of 1889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century influenza remains a constant threat.
In April 918 flu broke among American troops stationed in France. It quickly spread through all the 59 but caused relatively few deaths. Four months later, however, a second outbreak started which _60___ to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also healthy young adults. It 61 through every country in the world, only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining __62__. It brought the life of whole countries to stop, food 63 stopped and work loss was very great. Before the great outbreak ended, it had killed 64 15 million people. Thereafter, there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world. It is thus __65__that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.
51、A by B on C to D with
52、A where B that C why D who
53、A local B good C crowded D rich
54、A Since B During C Among D For
55、A changed B happened C stopped D suffered
56、A Like B As C Along D Before
57、A increased B interrupted C decreased D kept
58、A introduced B controlled C prevented D reported
59、A armies B villagers C farmers D enemies
60、A ceased B wanted C proved D failed
61、A got B put C went D looked
62、A uncounted B unused C untouched D unchanged
63、A sources B shortages C purchases D supplies
64、A last B most C all D least
65、A clear B strange C impossible D wise
2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案卫生类（A级）
第1部分：词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．B【解析】题意：在会上，我们研究了扩建的可能性。
划线词的词义是“调查，研究”。
A项offer意为提供。例句：If she was offered the job，she’d take it．如果给她这个工作，她会接受的。
B项investigate意为调查，研究。例句：The police are investigating the murder．警察正在调查这桩谋杀案。
C项include意为包括。例句：The bill came to$467，tax included．账单计467美元，含税。
D项accept意为接受。例句：I accepted it cheerily．我高兴地接受了。
很明显B项正确。
2．C【解析】题意：他的鞋擦得很亮。
划线词shine(vt．)的词义是“使发光，使发亮；擦亮(皮鞋等)”。
A项clear意为澄清；扫除。例句：Each human is born with a bag of karma to be cleared in this life．每个人生来均带有一系列要在此生清除的业力。
B项wash意为洗。例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag?我可以把洗过的农产品放进口袋吗?
C项polish意为擦亮；抛光。例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor．孩子们喜欢在刚擦亮的地板上滑过来滑过去。
D项mend意为修补 。例句：We need an electrician to mend the iron．我们要请电工修理一下熨斗。很明显C项正确。
3．A【解析】题意：已提出很多理论来解释这种现象。
划线词的词义是“建议”。
A项suggest意为建议。例句：Do you suggest I am a tour guide?你是不是建议我当导游?
B项test意为检验。例句：Is this equipment tested for mechanical aptitude?这台设备测定了其机械适应性了吗?
C项use意为使用。例句：The car used a gallon of petrol for the journey．汽车在路上消耗了一加仑汽油。
D项announce意为宣布。例句：Mr．Robert Brown was announced as the sponsor．罗勃特．布朗先生被宣布为赞助人。
很明显A项正确。
4．D【解析】题意：高速列车可能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
划线词的词义是“影响”。
A项effort意为努力。例句：They are making every effort to decrease the production cost．他们正尽力减少生产成本。
B项problem意为问题。例句：We had no time to deliberate on the problem．我们没有时间仔细思考这个问题。
C项concern意为关心，挂念。例句：Hardly a whisper of concern has been voiced．没有人表示过一点点的关心。
D项influence意为影响。例句：What exactly is the influence of television on children?电视对儿童究竟有什么影响?
很明显D项正确。
5．A【解析】题意：格林在剑桥度过了短暂的时光。
划线词brief(a．)的词义是“短暂的”。
A项short意为短暂的。例句：Why do you just rest the short time?为什么你只休息了这么短时间?
B项hard意为苦难的。例句：I know this is tOO hard for you．我知道这对你来说太难了。
C项good意为好的。例句：He is a good man．他是一个好人。
D项long意为长的。例句：She spent a long time with her parents．她跟她的父母待了很长的时间。
很明显A项正确。
6．B【解析】题意：详尽地研究该书耗费了十年时间。
划线词thorough(a．；adj．)的词义是“彻底的，详尽的”。
A项basic意为基础的，根本的。例句：Let me enlarge on this basic theme．让我进一步阐述一下这个基本主题。
B项careful意为精心的，谨慎的。例句：He emphasized the importance of careful driving．他强调小心驾驶的重要性。
C项social意为社会的，社交的。例句：Team sports help to develop a child’s social skills．集体体育运动有助于培养孩子的交际能力。
D项major意为较大的，主要的。例句：This is the major part of the whole thing．这是整件事情的主要部分。
很明显B项正确。
7．B【解析】题意：贪财是一切罪恶之根源。
划线词的词义是“根；根源，原因”。
A项result意为结果。例句：We desperately need a result from this match．这场比赛我们务必获胜。
B项cause意为起因。例句：It’s certain that every effect must have a cause．无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。
C项end意为结束。例句：The accident put an untimely end to the party．意外事故使聚会匆匆结束了。
D项force意为力量。例句：But they refused to bow to force．但他们拒不向武力低头。
很明显B项正确。
8．A【解析】题意：这项试验产生了令人失望的结果。
划线词disappointing的词义是“使人失望的，令人扫兴的”。
A项unsatisfactory意为不能令人满意的。例句：His answer is unsatisfactory．他的答案不能令人满意。
B项indirect意为间接的。例句：His indirect way of telling me to leave annoyed me．他那种不直截了当让我离开的方式激怒了我。
C项similar意为类似的。例句：He talked about it in a similar way．他对此事有相似的说法。
D项positive意为积极的；肯定的。例句：She shows a very positive attitude tO her work．她工作态度非常积极。
很明显A项正确。
9．A【解析】题意：最后她找到了一份工作并搬到了伦敦。
划线词的词义是“最后，终于”。
A项finally意为最后，最终。例句：The patient finally died of cancer．该病人最终死于癌症。
B项certainly意为的确，无疑。例句：She certainly bears you no malice．她对你的确并无恶意。
C项luckily意为幸运地。例句：Luckily there was a doctor on the spot．幸运的是现场有一位医生。
D项naturally意为自然地。例句：A mother naturally feels protective towards her children．母亲对自己的孩子自然会悉心保护。
很明显A项正确。
10．A【解析】题意：自我幼年时代以来一切事物都发生了很大变化。
划线部分a lot的词义是“许多，大量”。
A项greatly意为大大地。例句：His writing has improved greatly in this semester．这开云kaiyun(中国)期他的写作有了很大进步。
B项gradually意为逐渐地。例句：The rain lessened gradually and gave over at last．雨渐渐小下来，后来终于停止了。
C项suddenly意为突然地。例句：Suddenly he began to shriek loudly．突然他开始大声尖叫起来。
D项frequently意为频繁地。例句：He comes to visit me frequently．他经常来看我。
很明显A项正确。
11．D【解析】题意：玛莎承认她对电脑一无所知。
划线词的词义是“承认”。
A项report意为报告。例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．这次事故据说有20人死亡。
B项hope意为希望。例句：Things are not moving as fast as we hoped．事情的进展不像我们希望的那么快。
C项answer意为回答。例句：The question is simple enough to answer．这个问题很简单，容易回答。
D项admit意为承认。例句：Of course，part of the challenge is her admitting difficulty with acting in English．当然，一部分挑战是她自己承认的用英语表演的困难。
很明显D项正确。
12．D【解析】题意：我的医生说我应该饮食多样化。
划线词vary的词义是“改变，使多样化”。
A项prepare意为准备。例句：Liming prepared everything for his examination．李明为考试做了一切准备。
B项cook意为烹调。例句：Are you good at cooking?你擅长烹饪吗?
C项choose意为挑选。例句：Please choose a red one for me．请为我挑选一个红色的。
D项change意为改变。例句：Do you change your mind?你改变你的想法了吗?
很明显D项正确。
13．B【解析】题意：在危急关头可以依赖于她。
划线词rely on的词义是“依靠，依赖”。
A项look after意为照看。例句：Are you being well looked after?大家对你照顾得好吗?
B项depend on意为依赖，信任。例句：More importantly，can he be depended on?更重要的是，可以依靠他吗?
C项believe in意为相信。例句：We all believed in her prediction．我们都相信她的预言。
D项turn on意为打开。例句：We troubled him to turn on the light．我们麻烦他打开电灯。
很明显B项正确。
14．C【解析】题意：他们把空闲的卧室改成了一间办公室。
划线词convert(vt．)的词义是“转换，改造”。
A项reduce意为减少。例句：They are selling the goods under the counter at reduced prices．他们正在削价偷偷出售商品。
B项move意为移动。例句：The army is on the move．部队在行军。
C项turn意为改变，使改成。例句：Nothing will ever turn him from his purpose．什么也不能使他改变目标。
D项reform意为改革。例句：Because of his encouragement，she won the best designer by her re—formed cheongsam．因为他的鼓励，她以她的改良式旗袍赢得了设计师奖。
很明显C项正确。
15．D【解析】题意：他的长期目标是建立自己的公司(业务)。
划线词goal的词义是“目标”。
A项idea意为想法。例句：It would be a good idea to go swimming in the pond．到池塘里去游泳倒是个好主意。
B项energy意为能量。例句：Young people usually have more energy than the old．青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。
C项order意为命令。例句：The appeal court quash the care order made by the juvenile court．上诉法院宣布少年法院发出的照看命令无效。
D项aim意为目标。例句：The chief aim of man is not to get money．人的主要目的并不是赚钱。
很明显D项正确。第2 部分：阅读判断
16 、B 短文第一、二句已明确回答这个问题，病人需要stop的是 lying around，而不是 moving around。
17 、C 短文自始至终都没有提到引起头痛的原因是什么。
18 、A 第二段中间说到，缺乏运动就难以减少疼痛部位的压力，所以需要运动。
19 、B 第二段最后一句说，研究者们目前正在寻找能够使身体中维持理想水平的内啡肽药物，因此它不可能是现在医生经常开给病人的药。
20 、A 第三段第二句说到，因为找出背痛的原因很困难，所以背痛病人最终只能服用更大剂量或几种不同的药物。
21 、A 最后一段列举了许多让病人进行身体活动的方法，并在最后一句指出，这样治疗的病人要比传统治疗恢复得更快。
22 、B 第四段说到，他们只是在要求病人进行身体活动的基础上尽量减少服药，或者避免服药，而没有要求病人完全停止服药。
第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子
23 、D 短文第三句就点出了本段的主题，并且对于我们为什么需要睡觉做出回答。
24 、E 本段的主题就在第二句，并且指出，究竟是当猫头鹰还是当云雀主要与生活方式、年龄和个性有关。
25 、C 本段首先对比了猫头鹰式和云雀式两种不同的生活方式，但孰优孰劣并不作比较，只 是提出“根据自己的T作、娱乐过着充实的生活井有充足的睡眠让你精力充沛才是关键"。
26 、A 最后一段列举了一些需要注意的事物：午睡可视个人具体情况而定，避免摄人具有刺激性的物品如饮酒、抽烟、喝咖啡等。
27 、F 第一段第三句就说到“睡眠是为了让我们的大脑能够整理白天所记忆的东西”。
28 、D 第二段第三句说到，带着小孩的父母就容易成为早起者。
29 、A 第三段最后一句的大意正是“过着健康的生活，让充足的睡眠为你带来充沛的精力”。
30 、B 短文最后一句就说到，“对大多数人来说，我们的忠告就是不要在晚上喝咖啡”。
第4 部分：阅读理解
31 、C 本题的答题依据是文章开头的这句话：Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to access it. 人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我们就忘了如 何取得想象力 （access it）。文章的目的就是教给成年人几种获得想象力的技巧，所以说成年人还是可以开云kaiyun(中国)会怎么样更加富有创意的。
32 、B 从第二段的这两句话 First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. 可以找到答案。蜡 烛只是一个例子。
33 、A 第三段的第一句话 Imagine that normal limitations don't exist. You have as much time/space/ money, etc. as you want. 是本题的答题依据。
34 、B put yourself in their shoes 是英语的一个成语，相当于汉语的“设身处地”。
35 、C 第三种技巧就是Look at the situation from a different point of view. 作者举了谈判者和小说家为例。推销员如要成用这一技巧就应该把自己置于顾客的位置上，问一问他们的需要是什么。
36 、B 第一段第三句说到，“免疫系统的这些细胞来回传递信息就像蜂群围绕峰巢飞跑一样”。
37 、D 第二段中间说，“免疫细胞与身体其他细胞在自我耐受的状态下和平共处”。
38 、A 第二段的中后部说到，“抗原以其自身从表面突出来的复杂而有特色的形状表明自己是一种异体物”，免疫细胞自然很容易识别它们。
39 、B 第三段第一句说，“任何能够激起免疫反应的物质就称为抗原”。其他三个选项不是与短文所说不符就是短文没有提到。
40 、A 文章的题目是“免疫功能”。第二段第一句可以概括短文的中心思想，选项 A 正是该句的意思。
41 、A 从第一段的前半部我们就可以知道，全球之所以重视这个问题就是因为有可能面对 它束手无策——对它无药可治。
42 、D prudent 意为“谨慎的”，careful 意为 “小心的”，“小心”与“谨慎”自然是同一概念。
43 、A 本题答案存在于第二段第一句，该句正是选项 A 的内容。
44 、A 选项 B、C、D 的内容在第五段中都提及，只有选项 A 的内容(“不许医院储存超过医院使用量的抗生素”)文章中并未提到。
45 、B 通读全篇短文以后我们知道，目前人类还没有找到解决这个问题的办法，所以还需继续研究。其他三个选项短文均未提到。
第5 部分：补全短文
46 、D 这里填入的内容：The term comes from the activity of the ice age. 是对上一句中出现 的 drowned coastline 这一名称由来的解释。
47 、B 前面一句话：The highest parts of the former mountain range，nearest the shore, remained as islands. 说了先前最靠海岸的山脉的顶部变成了岛屿，下面一句很自然就说：Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier.
48 、F 前面一句话是：Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. 下面一句便解释它是怎么形成两个岛屿的：It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow Stretch of water, seven miles long.
49 、A 前面一句介绍了 Mt. Desert Island 所处的地理位置和它为动植物提供的生存条件，下面一句再解释它还是一条鸟类移居的主要通道和许多鸟类的栖身之地。
50 、E This mountain回指前面的 Cadillac Mountain. 句子对它的高度做了描述。
第6 部分：完形填空
51 、B 四个选项中只有选择 B 项意思才能说得通。
52 、D 四个选项中只有 D 项从语法上和意思上适合填在这里。B 项、C 项虽有“保持”的意思，但都是及物动词，A 项虽可当不及物动词使用，但意思不对。
53 、B 前面提到南欧和东欧，而后面的希腊、波兰和乌克兰就属于南欧和东欧，显然这里是要强调这三个国家。如果选择 C 项则似乎只、涉及这三个国家，从上下文分析并不是这种情况。
54 、B 答题时要注意与此空白处并列的另一个表语 widespread，它提示了答题者必须选择active。
55 、B 从语法上分析，这里应是一个插入语；从上下文意思分析，应该是带有转折的意思，however 正可以完成这个功能。
56 、D 从语法上分析，这里又是一个插入语，应该是起着补充作用的意思，因此选择 D 项 最恰当，其他选项都不符合上下文的意思。
57 、C 首先要注意介词后面的宾话是 coast，它提示了选择 along 比较恰当。
58 、A 从上下文意思看，只能选择suggest 才恰当，因为这里的 suggest 并不是“提议、建 议”的意思，而是“暗示、表明”的意思，其他三个选项都没有这个词义。
59 、D 本空白处的前后是 “已经渡过了传染的……期”，显然应该选择peak 才恰当，其他选项在这里都说不通。
60 、A 由于空白处后面有 to baseline levels，而 baseline levels 肯定是原来就存在的，所以选择 returned 最恰当。
61 、A 答题时要注意 but 这个词的提示作用，前面说 remains active，那 but 后面的意思一定与之相反，故应该选择 declining。
62 、C 空白处后面的 one month ago 提示了选择 over 比较恰当，这里的 over 是 “more than”的意思，整个短语作时间状语，意为“一个多月前”。
63 、D 2009 年的流感传播几乎是全球性的，北美也不例外，因此，从上下文看还是 remains恰当。如果选择 becomes，似乎原来就不是 widespread，不合适。
64 、D 显然，四个选项中只有 activity 可以填在这里，其他三个选项都无法与前后的词搭配。
65 、A 空白处前面说，大部分地区已经下降或维持不变，那么后面少数国家的增加一定是 例外，因此选择 except 与 for 搭配，正好表示“除了……外”的意思。
